See -V on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Reduced from -vi through earlier -u (such as in now archaic tulevi > tuleu (attested in early writings) > tulee, dialectal tulou, also found in Karelian).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ö",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "linguistic notation",
"4": "-V",
"5": "V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"cat2": "personal suffixes",
"head": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö"
},
"expansion": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "78 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 3 3 21 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 3 3 15 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The third-person singular non-past verb marker."
],
"id": "en--V-fi-suffix-e~K27jxi",
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/"
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Reduced from -a (“partitive marker”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ö",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "linguistic notation",
"4": "-V",
"5": "V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"cat2": "case suffixes",
"head": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö"
},
"expansion": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "colloquial",
"3": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial, dialectal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Partitive marker."
],
"id": "en--V-fi-suffix-DB0BXUNk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Finland) Partitive marker."
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"Finland",
"Southern",
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/"
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Reduced from -Vn (“illative marker”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ö",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "linguistic notation",
"4": "-V",
"5": "V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"cat2": "case suffixes",
"head": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö"
},
"expansion": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "colloquial"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Illative marker."
],
"id": "en--V-fi-suffix-DyEHOQOq",
"tags": [
"-i",
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/"
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-hen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-hen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-Vn"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -Vn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-hen. Cognates include Finnish -Vn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vmme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vnne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-hVV",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vsse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-V",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-V",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 3 3 21 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to mark the illative case."
],
"id": "en--V-izh-suffix-WdrqOEXa",
"links": [
[
"illative",
"illative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ː/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-hen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-hen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-Vn"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -Vn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-hen. Cognates include Finnish -Vn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-V",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-V",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-V",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 3 3 21 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
21
]
],
"english": "But in their changing these words lose the geminate and the long (or halflong) vowel.",
"ref": "1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 15:",
"text": "Mut muuttujessaa neet sanat hävittäät geminatan ja pitän (tali poolipitän) vokalan.",
"translation": "But in their changing these words lose the geminate and the long (or halflong) vowel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to mark the possession of the third person singular; his, her"
],
"id": "en--V-izh-suffix-vi0VOBK1",
"links": [
[
"his",
"his"
],
[
"her",
"her"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Used to mark the possession of the third person singular; his, her"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ː/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish case suffixes",
"Finnish colloquialisms",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish personal suffixes",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Reduced from -vi through earlier -u (such as in now archaic tulevi > tuleu (attested in early writings) > tulee, dialectal tulou, also found in Karelian).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ö",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "linguistic notation",
"4": "-V",
"5": "V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"cat2": "personal suffixes",
"head": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö"
},
"expansion": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The third-person singular non-past verb marker."
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/"
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish case suffixes",
"Finnish colloquialisms",
"Finnish dialectal terms",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Reduced from -a (“partitive marker”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ö",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "linguistic notation",
"4": "-V",
"5": "V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"cat2": "case suffixes",
"head": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö"
},
"expansion": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "colloquial",
"3": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial, dialectal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Partitive marker."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Finland) Partitive marker."
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"Finland",
"Southern",
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/"
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish case suffixes",
"Finnish colloquialisms",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Reduced from -Vn (“illative marker”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ö",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "linguistic notation",
"4": "-V",
"5": "V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"cat2": "case suffixes",
"head": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö"
},
"expansion": "-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "colloquial"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Illative marker."
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/"
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-hen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-hen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-Vn"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -Vn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-hen. Cognates include Finnish -Vn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vmme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vnne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-hVV",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-Vsse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-V",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-V",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to mark the illative case."
],
"links": [
[
"illative",
"illative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ː/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-hen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-hen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-Vn"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -Vn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-hen. Cognates include Finnish -Vn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-nne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-V",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-V",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-V",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian terms with obsolete senses",
"Ingrian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
21
]
],
"english": "But in their changing these words lose the geminate and the long (or halflong) vowel.",
"ref": "1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 15:",
"text": "Mut muuttujessaa neet sanat hävittäät geminatan ja pitän (tali poolipitän) vokalan.",
"translation": "But in their changing these words lose the geminate and the long (or halflong) vowel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to mark the possession of the third person singular; his, her"
],
"links": [
[
"his",
"his"
],
[
"her",
"her"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Used to mark the possession of the third person singular; his, her"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ː/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ː/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
}
],
"word": "-V"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -V meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -V",
"path": [
"-V"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-V",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"path": [
"-V"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-V",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -V",
"path": [
"-V"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-V",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"path": [
"-V"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-V",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -V",
"path": [
"-V"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-V",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: V corresponds to the preceding vowel",
"path": [
"-V"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-V",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.